IN
SIGHT

INSIGHT. Noun. The capacity to gain an accurate, deep and sometimes sudden understanding of someone or something.

Knowledge is power. We want everyone to have access to the experts in the room. Get to know what’s real and what’s a gimmick with our in-depth articles, and start bossing your health and fitness today.

Is Creatine Halal? What to Know About Creatine Monohydrate

The Glow Blend: A Confession

I need to tell you something I've never said publicly, and it's not flattering. When our product team first brought me a plan for a collagen supplement, my honest reaction was no. Not "let me think about it." A flat no. And if I'm being fully honest about why, it wasn't the science. It was that collagen felt, in my head, like a beauty category. Something for someone else's brand. Not ours. I built Innermost around performance and evidence. Protein, creatine, mushrooms, electrolytes. Things I could point to a study for and feel comfortable talking about at a dinner table full of people who workout regularly. Collagen sat in a different mental folder. Skincare aisle. Jars with gold lids and brand sponsorship by one of the Kardashians. I'd absorbed a version of what "beauty" meant without ever examining it. The argument in the room So we had the argument internally. A proper one. A few people on the team pushed back hard, and rightly so. One of them put it to me plainly: we started Innermost to follow the evidence wherever it goes, not to follow it everywhere except the places that feel awkward. That line stuck with me. Here's what changed my mind, and it wasn't a feeling. It was the research. What the evidence actually says Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It's structural, it's in your skin, your joints, your gut lining, and production declines steadily from your mid-twenties onward. That's not a marketing claim, that's basic physiology. The question was never whether collagen matters. It was whether supplementing it actually does anything, and that's where most of the category falls apart. Most collagen products on the market use whole collagen molecules, which are too large to be absorbed effectively when you drink them. The ones that do use hydrolysed peptides, which are broken down into smaller chains your body can actually take up, still run into a second problem: dose. A lot of labels list collagen content that sits well below the 2 to 10 grams used in the trials that show measurable effects on skin elasticity and hydration. You're paying for a placebo with good branding. The ingredient most brands leave out The third problem is the one that convinced me completely. Vitamin C isn't a nice-to-have alongside collagen. It's a required co-factor for your body to actually synthesise collagen at the cellular level. Without adequate vitamin C, the enzymes responsible for stabilising collagen structure don't function properly. You can take a perfectly dosed hydrolysed peptide and still get a fraction of the benefit if the product doesn't include enough vitamin C alongside it. Most don't. They sell you the raw material and leave out the one thing your body needs to use it. Once I saw the category clearly, laid out like that, the decision stopped being about how I felt and started being about what the evidence supported. That's the whole operating principle of Innermost. I couldn't defend saying no to a legitimate, well-evidenced product category. What we built So we built The Glow Blend properly. Hydrolysed collagen peptides at a dose that reflects the research, alongside vitamin C, hyaluronic acid for hydration, biotin and folic acid for hair and nail health. Nothing in it that doesn't earn its place. What surprised me after launch The part I didn't expect was the response once we launched it. A good number of the messages came from women, as you'd expect, and they were generous and specific about what they'd noticed. But a surprising number came from men. Customers writing in to say they'd felt exactly what I'd felt, that awkward little flinch at "collagen," and had quietly bought it anyway because the ingredient breakdown made sense to them. That response told me more about why this category needed an honest voice in it than any research paper did. I'm not going to pretend I have this fully figured out. I still catch myself, occasionally, hesitating slightly before I mention it in a room. Old habits sit deeper than good evidence sometimes. But I take it, and increasingly a lot of men I respect take it too, quietly, without needing to make a thing of it. If this sounds familiar If any part of this resonated, and you've felt that same small resistance to a category you assumed wasn't for you, hit reply and tell me. I'd genuinely like to know I'm not the only one who had to get over it. And if you know someone, a friend, a partner, who could use this exact reasoning rather than a tesimonial, forward it on. It might do more good coming from someone else's honesty.

Nutrition

The Health Benefits of Camu Camu

Have you heard of camu camu? In recent years the fruit has started appearing in everything from smoothie powders to daily wellness blends. Yet, outside nutrition circles, this small Amazonian fruit remains relatively unknown. It is best known for containing a high concentration of vitamin C, but that is only part of its nutritional profile. Camu camu also provides polyphenols, carotenoids and other naturally occurring plant compounds that have attracted growing scientific interest. So, what is camu camu, what can it genuinely do for your health and how strong is the research behind its growing reputation? Let’s get into it! What is camu camu? Camu camu, scientifically known as Myrciaria dubia, is a small fruit native to the Amazon rainforest, particularly the flooded river regions of Peru and Brazil. It grows on a shrub and looks a little like a large red or purple cherry when ripe. Fresh camu camu has an intensely sharp, acidic taste. Because of this, it is rarely eaten like an everyday berry. It is more commonly turned into juice, pulp, powder or a concentrated ingredient for use in food supplements. The fruit’s main nutritional claim to fame is its vitamin C content. Camu camu is widely regarded as one of the richest known natural sources of the vitamin, although the precise amount varies considerably. The variety of the plant, growing conditions, ripeness, storage and processing method can all affect the final concentration. Beyond vitamin C, camu camu contains several groups of plant compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids. Researchers are interested in how these compounds may work alongside vitamin C, rather than viewing the fruit as a source of isolated ascorbic acid alone. What makes camu camu different from other sources of vitamin C? Vitamin C is found in many everyday foods, including citrus fruits, berries, peppers and leafy vegetables. Camu camu stands out because it can provide a particularly concentrated natural source of the vitamin. A relatively small amount may provide considerably more vitamin C than the same amount of many familiar fruits, although the precise concentration depends on how it has been grown, harvested and processed. Vitamin C source Common format Vitamin C context Other nutritional compounds What to consider Camu camu Powder, pulp, juice or supplement blend Naturally rich, although the amount varies with ripeness and processing Polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins Check the actual vitamin C provided per serving Orange Whole fruit or juice A familiar dietary source with a more moderate concentration Flavonoids, water and fibre when eaten whole Easy to include in the diet, but juice contains less fibre Acerola cherry Powder, juice or extract Another highly concentrated natural source Carotenoids and polyphenols Nutrient levels also vary between formats Isolated vitamin C Tablet, capsule or powder Standardised and straightforward to measure Usually contains few or no whole-fruit compounds Useful for a precise dose, but less nutritionally complex Camu camu also contains plant compounds that would not normally be found in a standard isolated vitamin C supplement. However, that does not automatically mean it produces better results. The most useful comparison is the amount of vitamin C provided per serving and the quality of the wider formulation. What are the health benefits of camu camu? When it comes to the health benefits of camu camu, there is an interesting body of ongoing research. Many of camu camu’s clearest health benefits come from its vitamin C content. Researchers are also studying whether its wider collection of plant compounds may offer additional effects, although much of that evidence is still developing. Supports normal immune function Vitamin C contributes to the normal function of the immune system. It supports several cellular processes involved in the body’s immune response and helps maintain normal immune function during and after intense physical exercise. This does not mean that camu camu can prevent everyday illness by itself. Sleep, nutrition, stress levels and physical activity all influence immune health, but an adequate intake of vitamin C helps the immune system function normally. Supports collagen formation and skin health Collagen is a structural protein found throughout the body, including in the skin, bones, cartilage and blood vessels. The vitamin C found in camu camu contributes to collagen formation for the normal function of the skin. This is one reason camu camu has become a popular ingredient in beauty and wellness formulas. The vitamin C it provides supports the biological processes involved in normal collagen production. Helps protect cells from oxidative stress Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and the body’s ability to manage them. Free radicals are naturally produced during processes such as metabolism and exercise, but they can also be influenced by smoking, pollution and other environmental factors. Vitamin C contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Camu camu also contains polyphenols and other compounds that have demonstrated antioxidant activity in laboratory studies. To clarify, antioxidants should not be viewed as a way to “cancel out” an unhealthy lifestyle. Their role is part of the body’s wider defence system, which also depends on a varied diet and sufficient recovery. Contributes to energy and reduced tiredness Camu camu is sometimes described as an energy ingredient, although it does not behave like caffeine. This is a result of the vitamin C, which contributes to a normal energy-yielding metabolism and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Energy-yielding metabolism is the process through which the body releases and uses energy from food. What does emerging research say about camu camu? While the vitamin C content is a clear driver for the benefits of camu camu, there is an emerging area of research that is starting to look beyond this. Scientists are now looking at whether the fruit’s wider mixture of polyphenols and other plant compounds could influence inflammation, gut bacteria and metabolic health. One small human study compared camu camu juice with tablets containing the same amount of vitamin C. Researchers observed reductions in certain markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the camu camu group, suggesting that compounds beyond vitamin C may have contributed. However, the study involved only 20 male smokers and lasted seven days, so larger trials are needed. One frequently referenced study found that camu camu extract altered the gut microbiota and limited weight gain in mice consuming a high-fat, high-sugar diet. The animals also showed changes in energy expenditure and markers associated with metabolic health. These results have led to suggestions that camu camu could eventually have a role in research around the relationship between plant compounds and the gut microbiome. Further research is needed however before definitive conclusions can be made. How much camu camu should you take? There is no universally established daily dose of camu camu. Powders, extracts, juices and blended supplements can vary considerably in concentration, so the appropriate serving depends on the individual product. Follow the serving instructions provided by the manufacturer and check how much vitamin C the recommended quantity contains. Remember to account for other supplements you may be using, particularly multivitamins or immune-support products. Is camu camu worth adding to your routine? On balance, camu camu can be a useful addition to your routine, provided your expectations are realistic. Camu camu is a particularly rich source of vitamin C, and vitamin C's contributions to immune function, collagen formation, protection of cells from oxidative stress and normal energy metabolism are among the best-established in nutrition. These are the benefits supported by the strongest and most established evidence. You can find camu camu in our vegan protein powder The Health Protein. It is developed to support everyday health alongside repair and recovery, containing 31g of pea and brown rice protein, together with camu camu, bilberries, acai berries and a blend of mushrooms. The formula provides 250mg of camu camu per serving and can be mixed into a shake, smoothie or porridge. References García-Chacón, J., Marante, F., Boix-Castejón, M., Campanella, O., López-Nicolás, J. (2023). Camu Camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh): An Amazonian Fruit with Biofunctional Properties: A Review. ACS Omega. 8(6). Click here. Azevedo, L., Ribeiro, P., Oliveira, J., Correia, M., Ramos, F., Oliveira, E., Barros, F., Stringheta, P. (2019). Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) from commercial cultivation has higher levels of bioactive compounds than native cultivation (Amazon Forest) and presents antimutagenic effects in vivo. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 99(2). Click here. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2015). Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: Evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal. 13(11). Click here. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2010). Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and reduction of tiredness and fatigue, contribution to normal psychological functions, regeneration of the reduced form of vitamin E, contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism, maintenance of the normal function of the immune system and protection from oxidative damage. EFSA Journal. 8(10). Click here. Anhê, F., Nachbar, R., Varin, T., Trottier, J., Dudonné, S., Le Barz, M., Feutry, P., Pilon, G., Barbier, O., Desjardins, Y., Roy, D., Marette, A. (2019). Treatment with camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) prevents obesity by altering the gut microbiota and increasing energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice. Gut. 68(3). Click here.

Your Summer Survival Kit (From Someone Who Travels A Lot)

I'm putting the finishing touches to this post from an airport, which feels appropriate. By my count, I'll be going through three countries in the next six weeks. Meetings, a trip to see family including my niece and nephew, a supplier visit in Italy that I've been putting off for a year. And every summer the same thing happens. The carefully built routine, the one that took months to lock in, gets thrown into a suitcase and I hope for the best. Most people react to this by either giving up on the routine entirely ("I'll sort it out when I'm back") or overpacking so aggressively that half of it never leaves the bag. I've done both. Neither works. What actually works is deciding, in advance, which two or three things earn a place in my bag and which ones can wait until September. So here's mine. Not a wellness influencer's "what's in my bag" video. An honest list, built over about a decade of getting this wrong first. Why travel breaks routines specifically It's worth being precise about what actually changes when you travel, because it isn't just "less discipline." Three things shift at once. You sweat more and drink less water than usual, because you're distracted or the flight dried you out or the hotel room is warmer than home. You're outdoors more, often somewhere sunnier than wherever you live. And your meals stop being yours. You eat what's available, when it's available, and protein is usually the first thing to slip, because sugar, carbs and fat are what's on offer at 6am airport cafes. None of this is a discipline problem. It's an environment problem. The fix is making sure two or three specific things are in my bag before I leave home, so I’m not relying on willpower to begin with. 1. Electrolytes, non-negotiable Most people remember to pack sunscreen. Almost nobody packs electrolytes, and it's the one that actually catches up with you. Water replaces volume, not what you lose through sweat, which is mostly sodium and potassium and magnesium doing the quiet work of keeping muscles firing and fluid balanced properly. Miss that balance for a few days in the heat and you get the symptoms everyone blames on jet lag: the headache, the flat energy, the slight fog by 4pm that a coffee doesn't fix. It's usually not jet lag. It's electrolytes. I take The Hydrate Blend for exactly this reason. Six electrolytes, no sugar, no synthetic flavouring, dissolves in a bottle of water in about ten seconds. One sachet on a travel day, first thing in the morning, does more for how I feel by evening than anything else in the bag. 2. Something for the sun you're actually going to get Here's the part most people don't think about until it's too late. UV exposure accelerates collagen breakdown, which is a slightly clinical way of saying that a week of proper sun does more to skin structure than most of the year combined. This isn't about vanity. It's a straightforward mechanism: UV generates free radicals that degrade existing collagen faster than your body can replace it. Sunscreen protects against the burn. It doesn't do anything for the collagen you're losing underneath. I've been taking The Glow Blend through summer for this reason specifically. Hydrolysed collagen peptides paired with vitamin C, which matters because vitamin C is a required co-factor for collagen synthesis and most collagen products leave it out entirely, then wonder why customers don't notice anything. It won't undo a week in the sun. It gives your skin something to rebuild with while it's under more pressure than usual. 3. Protein, especially when the meals aren't yours This is the one I've learned the hard way. When your diet goes inconsistent, protein is usually the first macronutrient to drop, simply because it's the hardest to find on the move. Airport food, hotel breakfasts, whatever's left at a conference buffet by 1pm, none of it is built around protein. And the honest science here is less dramatic than people expect: you don't need to train harder to maintain muscle through a disrupted period, you need to keep protein intake somewhere close to normal. That's the whole trick. I'll say this honestly because I'd rather be straight with you than pretend otherwise: my go-to for this is still The Strong Protein (whey based) and The Health Protein (vegan). They earn their place in my bag because they travel well, mix with nothing but water, and does the one job that actually matters on the road, which is making sure protein doesn't disappear from your day just because your routine has. The actual point None of this is about maintaining perfect discipline on holiday. Nobody does that, and if a brand tells you they do, they're not being honest with you. It's about deciding in advance which three or four things matter enough to bring, so the choice isn't being made for you by whatever's in the hotel minibar. If you've got a system that works for you when you travel, reply and tell me. I read every one of these, and I'm always looking to steal a better idea for my next trip. If this is useful, forward it to whoever in your life is about to live out of a suitcase for the next few weeks. It's the email I wish someone had sent me a decade ago.

Life

How to Increase GLP-1 Naturally: The Foods and Habits That Actually Work

Search interest in GLP-1 has followed the medications that made it famous. Mounjaro and Ozempic turned a piece of gut biology most people had never heard of into a household term, and that’s given rise to a big question: if these drugs work by acting on a hormone your body already makes, can you do something similar with food? You can influence your own GLP-1 response. The mechanism is well described, and the foods involved are ordinary ones you can buy in any supermarket. What you can't do is replicate what a weekly injection does, and the gap between the two is larger than most of the content on this subject admits. This guide covers what GLP-1 actually is, how food triggers it, which foods have the strongest evidence behind them, how the way you eat changes the response, and where the "natural Ozempic" claims stop being accurate Key takeaways No food contains GLP-1. It’s simply a hormone your gut releases, and food influences how much of it you release and when. Protein and fermentable fibre are the two most reliable dietary triggers available for GLP-1 release. Fibre works indirectly. Gut bacteria ferment it into short-chain fatty acids, which then stimulate GLP-1 release, so the effect arrives hours after the meal rather than at the table. How you eat matters more than you might realise. The same meal eaten slowly produces a larger hormonal response than the same meal eaten quickly. Food cannot replicate a GLP-1 medication. Your own GLP-1 is broken down within minutes; semaglutide is engineered to last around a week. Most supplements sold as "GLP-1 boosters" are fibre blends or berberine. They may have their place but, like any supplement, should not be relied on as a crutch What GLP-1 Actually Is GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1. It is a hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells known as L-cells, which sit in the lining of your gut and are concentrated towards the lower end of the small intestine and into the colon. They release GLP-1 when food arrives.Once in circulation, it does four things: Signals to the appetite centres in your brain that you have eaten Slows the rate at which your stomach empties, so food stays with you longer Prompts your pancreas to release insulin, but only when blood glucose is elevated Suppresses glucagon, the hormone that raises blood sugar You can think of this as your body's own satiety system, and it’s been running quietly in the background after every meal you’ve ever eaten. However, here’s something many people don’t know, and even fewer talk about: Once released, GLP-1 is broken down almost immediately by an enzyme called dipeptidyl peptidase-4, usually shortened to DPP-4. Its half-life in the bloodstream is somewhere in the region of one to two minutes. A large proportion of what your gut releases is degraded before it ever reaches general circulation. That means you shouldn’t see GLP-1 as a level because it isn’t. It’s more of a pulse: a short signal fired around meals and cleared almost as quickly. It’s important to make that distinction, because a lot of people searching for how to raise their GLP-1 levels are imagining something like a vitamin store that can be topped up and kept high. There’s no reservoir here, only a response, and you can shape how large it is. No Food Contains GLP-1 A surprising number of the questions people ask about this assume GLP-1 is something you can eat. Foods high in GLP-1. Foods that contain GLP-1. GLP-1-rich foods. None exist. GLP-1 is a hormone your own body manufactures, not a nutrient. No plant or animal food supplies it, and if you did swallow the hormone directly, your digestive system would break it down like any other protein long before it could do anything useful. That same problem is why this class of medication was injectable for so long, and why the tablet versions have required a great deal of engineering to get around it. The question worth asking is a different one: which foods prompt your gut to release more of its own GLP-1? How Food Triggers a GLP-1 Response Release happens in two waves. The first begins within about ten to fifteen minutes of eating, before most of what you have swallowed has physically reached the L-cells at all. This early phase is driven by nerve signals and other hormones from the upper gut, essentially a heads-up that food is on its way. The second, larger wave follows over the next hour or so, as nutrients make direct contact with the L-cells further down. Three components of a meal drive that second wave, but they don’t work in the same way or to the same degree. Protein Amino acids and small peptides are detected directly by receptors on L-cells, which respond by releasing GLP-1. This is the most immediate and most consistently demonstrated dietary trigger. Whey has been studied more than most, though the effect is not unique to it. Fermentable fibre This one is indirect, and understanding why explains a lot. You can’t digest fibre yourself, so it travels intact to the colon, where your gut bacteria ferment it. That fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids, principally acetate, propionate and butyrate. Propionate in particular binds to a receptor called FFAR2, which is expressed on the surface of L-cells, and that binding stimulates the release of both GLP-1 and PYY, a second appetite-suppressing hormone. Two things follow from that. The fibre effect is delayed, arriving hours after the meal rather than during it. And it depends on your gut bacteria, which means it varies between people and builds over time rather than switching on overnight. Fat Long-chain unsaturated fatty acids also stimulate GLP-1 release. The mechanism is real, but fat brings a lot of calories with it, which limits how useful it is as a deliberate weight loss strategy. The Foods That Increase GLP-1 Protein-rich foods Like so much else in fitness and nutrition, protein is the most dependable lever you have. It also has the advantage of being straightforward. Any complete protein source at a reasonable portion size will produce a response, and there’s no need to chase a specific type. Eggs, fish, chicken, lean red meat, Greek yoghurt, cottage cheese, tofu, tempeh, lentils, beans and a quality protein powder all qualify here. If you’re eating protein at every meal rather than loading it all into dinner, you’re already doing the most useful thing in this article. If hitting your protein goals consistently is proving tough, our guide to natural protein supplementation might help. Strength of evidence: strong and consistent across human trials, though the effect is acute rather than something that accumulates. Fermentable fibre This is where the research gets genuinely interesting, and it’s also where most people in the UK fall short. Average fibre intake in the UK is only around 19g for people aged between 19 and 64, and that’s only around 60% of the recommended 30g per day. It’s also the fermentable fractions that are the ones most likely to be missing.Not all fibre ferments equally well. The types that matter here are: Beta-glucan - oats and barley Inulin and fructans - chicory root, onions, leeks, garlic, asparagus, Jerusalem artichokes Galacto-oligosaccharides - beans, lentils, chickpeas Resistant starch - slightly underripe bananas, and cooked potato, rice or pasta that has been cooled The last one is worth explaining further, because it sounds like folklore and isn't. When cooked starch cools, some of it recrystallises into a form your small intestine can no longer break down, a process called retrogradation. It then reaches the colon intact and becomes food for your bacteria. A potato salad, or rice cooled and used the following day, delivers meaningfully more resistant starch than the same food eaten straight from the pan. Reheating it does not undo the effect. One practical warning: if your current fibre intake is low, increase it gradually. Fermentation produces gas as well as short-chain fatty acids, and going from less than 20g a day to 30 overnight is an unpleasant way to find that out. Strength of evidence: the mechanism is well established in humans, and the clinical trial data is promising but more limited than the enthusiasm around it suggests. More on that below. Unsaturated fats Olive oil, avocado, nuts and oily fish all stimulate GLP-1 release through long-chain fatty acid receptors on the gut lining. The mechanism is sound. The practical value is limited by the fact that fat carries more than twice the calories per gram of protein or carbohydrate (9kcal/g vs 4kcal/g), so deliberately adding fat to trigger a satiety hormone tends to work against the reason most people are interested in the first place. Include these foods because they are good foods. Don’t add extra oil to your dinner in pursuit of a hormone. Strength of evidence: solid for the mechanism, poor as a strategy. Bitter compounds and polyphenols Bitter taste receptors are not confined to your tongue. Versions of them appear throughout the gut, including on L-cells, which has prompted interest in whether bitter foods and certain plant compounds might stimulate GLP-1 release. Green tea, coffee, bitter leaves such as rocket and chicory, and cocoa polyphenols all come up in this context. The honest position is that most of this work has been done in cell cultures and animal models, with a smaller number of human trials showing modest effects. It is a reasonable area of research, but a poor foundation for a plan. Drink your green tea because you like it, not for the effect it might have on your hormones. Strength of evidence: early and mixed. Category Foods How it works Evidence Protein Eggs, fish, poultry, dairy, tofu, pulses, protein powder Amino acids sensed directly by L-cells Strong Fermentable fibre Oats, barley, beans, lentils, chicory, onions, leeks, cooled starches Fermented into short-chain fatty acids, which stimulate release Good mechanism, moderate outcomes Unsaturated fat Olive oil, avocado, nuts, oily fish Fatty acid receptors in the gut lining Sound, but calorie-limited Bitter compounds Green tea, coffee, bitter leaves, cocoa Bitter taste receptors in the gut Early and mixed How you eat matters nearly as much as what Most articles on this subject stop at the shopping list. The way a meal is eaten changes the hormonal response to it, and this part costs nothing. Slow down In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, participants ate an identical meal on two occasions, once over 5 minutes and once over 30. The slower meal produced higher circulating GLP-1 and PYY, and participants reported feeling fuller. The same food was used and the same calories consumed, but the hormonal outcome was different. There is a caveat that most coverage of this study leaves out. When the same research group repeated the design in adults with obesity, the effect was blunted, and in some cases absent altogether. So this is a habit worth building rather than a guaranteed result, and it may do less for the people most interested in it. I will say that in more than a decade of coaching, eating slowly is one of the very few interventions I have never seen anyone regret, and one almost nobody does without being asked. It’s free, it works from your next meal, and it requires nothing you don't already own. Eat protein and vegetables before the carbohydrate Meal sequencing has been shown to improve post-meal glucose control and increase GLP-1 relative to eating the same components in the opposite order. The effect is modest, but the cost is nothing. Eat distinct meals Your L-cells respond to nutrients arriving, which means grazing continuously across the day gives you a series of weak signals rather than a few strong ones. This is a reasonable inference from the mechanism rather than a heavily trialled finding, so treat it as a sensible default rather than a rule. Can Food Replace Mounjaro or Ozempic? No, and it’s worth understanding why that is rather than just taking it as a given.Your own GLP-1 is broken down within a couple of minutes of release. Semaglutide is a modified version of the same molecule, redesigned specifically to resist the enzyme that would otherwise destroy it. Its half-life is around a week. Rather than brief pulses around meals, it produces sustained concentrations far above anything your body generates on its own, for seven days at a stretch. That means the difference between naturally released GLP-1 and semaglutide isn’t one of degree or magnitude. It’s a difference of kind, and it shows up in the outcomes. In the STEP 1 trial, participants on semaglutide lost close to 15% of their body weight over sixty-eight weeks. SURMOUNT-1 reported around a 21% loss over 72 weeks at a 15mg weekly dose of tirzepatide (the highest dose available). Now compare that with the best dietary fibre evidence available. In a 2015 trial published in Gut, researchers at Imperial College London gave 60 overweight adults a supplement designed to deliver propionate directly to the colon, bypassing the variability of fermentation. Acutely, it raised GLP-1 and PYY and reduced how much participants ate. Over twenty-four weeks, it reduced weight gain and limited the accumulation of abdominal and liver fat compared with the control group. That’s a genuine and useful finding, but it’s also a different category of outcome from double-digit weight loss. The same research offers the single most clarifying number in this whole subject. The ten grams of propionate ester used in the trial delivered an amount of colonic propionate that would otherwise require roughly 60g of conventional dietary fibre per day. Remember that the UK average intake is less than 20g. That alone shows the practical ceiling of what food can do here, expressed in terms anyone can check against their own diet. So, the honest summary is this. Eating more protein and more fermentable fibre will make you feel fuller, will improve your glucose response, and is worth doing on its own merits. It won’t produce the effect of a prescription medication, and anyone telling you otherwise is either mistaken or selling something. The tablets don't change that answer Weight-loss pills have now arrived. In June 2026 the MHRA licensed an oral form of semaglutide, the first GLP-1 tablet approved in the UK for weight management, currently available privately while NICE completes its assessment. Others are moving through development behind it. It would be easy to read that as the gap between food and pharmacology closing. Actually, it demonstrates the opposite. Semaglutide is a peptide, and peptides are destroyed in the gut, so the tablet has to be formulated with an absorption enhancer and taken on an empty stomach with a small amount of water. Even then only around one per cent of the dose reaches the bloodstream. That’s why the tablet is dosed at 25mg, while the injection is 2.4mg. The newer non-peptide drugs take a different route to the same problem, abandoning the peptide structure entirely in favour of a small molecule built to survive digestion. Either way, a great deal of pharmaceutical engineering has gone into solving a problem your dinner can’t, which is that your gut destroys this class of molecule on contact. Food works with that system rather than around it. That’s an advantage where safety and cost are concerned, but places a hard limitation on the size of the effect.If you’re already taking a GLP-1 medication, none of this becomes irrelevant. Food and training matter more, not less, and we've covered that separately. The "natural ozempic" claims worth ignoring Oatzempic and eggzempic Blended oats with lime, or a breakfast built entirely around eggs. Both trends do produce fullness, for the entirely unremarkable reason that a low-calorie meal high in fibre or protein is filling. Nothing about either is a GLP-1 phenomenon requiring a new name. Oats are oats and eggs are eggs. Simple as that! Berberine Widely marketed as "nature's Ozempic", which is the most misleading label in this category. Berberine is a plant alkaloid that appears to act largely through AMPK signalling, an entirely different pathway. It is not a GLP-1 receptor agonist and does not behave like one. It also has meaningful interactions with a number of common medications, which is a serious point rather than a footnote, and it should not be started without speaking to a pharmacist or GP. Apple cider vinegar There is some reasonable evidence that vinegar taken with a meal blunts the post-meal glucose rise. That’s a real effect, but not related to GLP-1. The two have been conflated online to the point where the distinction has almost vanished. Having had clients bring each of these to me in turn over the past few years, the pattern is fairly consistent: a food with a modest, genuine property gets attached to a drug name, and the drug name does the work the evidence can’t. What about GLP-1 supplements? A whole category of products has appeared with GLP-1 in their names, or somewhere close to it. Most contain some combination of fermentable fibre, berberine, chromium, green tea extract and bitter plant compounds. None of them contain GLP-1, for the reasons already covered, and none are GLP-1 receptor agonists. Several do contain ingredients with a plausible mechanism behind them, and a fibre supplement that describes itself as a fibre supplement is a perfectly sensible thing to buy. The difficulty is the naming, which borrows credibility from a medication these products have no relationship with. We make supplements, so take this in that spirit. The questions worth asking of anything in this category are the same ones worth asking of ours. Does the label give you named ingredients and their doses, or a proprietary blend? Do those doses resemble what was used in the research being referred to? For fermentable fibre, this tends to mean ten grams a day or more, and that’s going to be tough to fit into a capsule! Finally, is the product described in terms of what it actually contains, or in terms of a prescription drug it isn't? If it’s the fibre you are after, though, the cheapest and best-evidenced version of it is food. The practical version Eat protein at every meal rather than concentrating your daily intake all at once. Increase fermentable fibre gradually, aiming for the 30 grams a day most people in the UK don't reach. Cool your cooked starches when it suits you. Slow down at the table, and put the protein and vegetables in first. That’s a short list, and it’s not a dramatic one. It also happens to be the same advice that improves your glucose control, your gut health and your general diet quality, which is usually the sign that a recommendation is worth following. At Innermost, we take the same view of supplements. Protein is the most useful thing most people can add to their day, which is why our blends are built around a proper dose of it rather than a long ingredients list designed to look impressive. If you are eating less than you would like to and want to make each meal count, that is exactly the gap a good protein blend fills. If you are not sure where to start, book a consultation with one of our nutritionists. They’ll be happy to help you work out what fits your goals. Frequently asked questions Which foods contain GLP-1? None. GLP-1 is a hormone produced by cells in your gut lining, not a nutrient found in food. Foods can trigger its release, but no food supplies the hormone itself. Can you increase GLP-1 naturally? Yes, in the sense that you can produce a larger release after meals by eating more protein and more fermentable fibre, and by eating more slowly. You can’t maintain a permanently elevated level, because the hormone is broken down within minutes. Is there a natural alternative to Mounjaro? No. Mounjaro and similar medications produce sustained hormone activity for around a week per dose, at concentrations far beyond anything achievable through diet. Food can meaningfully improve appetite regulation, which is worthwhile in itself, but it’s not a substitute. Do GLP-1 supplements work? It depends entirely on what’s in them. A well-dosed fermentable fibre supplement has a plausible mechanism behind it. Products relying on berberine or proprietary blends, particularly those marketed with drug comparisons, deserve considerably more scepticism. Does exercise increase GLP-1? There is some evidence of an acute rise after exercise, though findings are inconsistent and the effect appears smaller than the response to a meal. Exercise is worth doing for reasons unrelated to this subject though. Does apple cider vinegar increase GLP-1? The evidence for vinegar relates mainly to post-meal blood glucose rather than GLP-1 specifically. The claim has spread further than the research supports.

Is Whey Protein Halal? What to Check Before You Buy

If you’re at all in the fitness space, you’ve probably heard of whey protein. It’s one of the most widely used supplements for supporting strength and recovery and is something we have spoken about at length in previous blogs. Whey protein is a milk-derived protein created from the liquid whey separated during cheese-making. As it comes from milk, it is easy to assume that every whey protein powder is halal; however, the reality is a little more nuanced. In short, whey protein can be halal, but its suitability depends on how the whey was produced, what has been added to the finished formula and the controls followed during manufacturing. Certain details, including the source of enzymes used during cheese-making, may not be obvious from the ingredients listed on the packaging.Understanding these steps can help you make a more informed choice and find a halal whey protein that supports your dietary requirements and training goals. Is Whey protein halal? Whey protein can be halal, but not every whey protein powder is automatically halal. Its status depends on several connected factors including: where the milk came from, how the whey was separated from it, what else is in the finished formula, and how that formula was manufactured. Milk itself is permissible, which is where much of the confusion starts. But whey isn't drawn straight from the animal. It's a by-product of cheese-making, and cheese-making means adding something to milk to split it into solid curds and liquid whey. That something is rennet, a coagulating enzyme, and its origin is one of the most important variables when assessing cheese-derived whey. Is whey protein isolate halal? Whey protein isolate is a highly filtered form of whey that contains a greater proportion of protein and lower levels of lactose, fat and carbohydrate. It can be halal, but the word “isolate” is not a halal claim. It only describes the way the whey has been processed. The additional filtration does not automatically mean that a whey isolate protein powder is halal – the source of any enzymes or processing aids must still be considered, along with every other ingredient added to the final powder. Is whey protein concentrate halal? Whey protein concentrate is a filtered form of whey that retains more of its naturally occurring lactose, fat and other milk components than isolate. It can also be halal, and its nutritional composition does not make it any more or less suitable from a halal perspective. What matters is how the original whey was sourced and processed, followed by what happens when it is turned into a finished supplement. A whey concentrate made using suitable ingredients and manufacturing controls can meet halal requirements in the same way as a certified whey isolate. Whether a product uses isolate, concentrate or a combination of the two, the same broader conditions determine whether the finished whey protein is halal. What makes whey protein halal For a whey protein powder to be considered halal, the complete product needs to meet halal requirements. Below we have listed some of the key considerations that help to ensure halal compliance. The milk must come from a permissible animal Milk from animals such as cattle, goats and sheep is generally considered halal because it is taken while the animal is alive and does not depend on how the animal is later slaughtered. A suitable whey source This is one of the most important factors, but also one of the hardest to verify from a product label alone. Now stick with us as there are a few considerations here: Where microbial or plant-derived rennet has been used, the resulting whey is generally regarded as halal. The same applies where the rennet comes from an animal slaughtered according to Islamic requirements. Where the rennet comes from an animal that was not slaughtered in this way, scholarly opinions can differ. Some interpretations consider the rennet, and therefore the whey produced from it, to be unsuitable, while others may regard it as permissible provided it is not porcine in origin. This is why recognised halal certification provides the clearest practical assurance of compliance when choosing a supplement. Halal-compliant added ingredients Any added flavourings, emulsifiers, sweeteners, vitamins and functional ingredients also need to be considered for halal compliance. A halal whey ingredient does not automatically make the complete protein powder halal if other parts of the formula have not been assessed. Some flavour systems use carriers or processing aids that are not obvious from the label, while certain emulsifiers, anti-caking agents or added nutrients may be derived from non-halal animal sources. Every part of the finished formula needs to be considered, including ingredients used in small amounts and those introduced during processing. Prevention of cross-contamination Key to halal certification is actually the prevention of cross-contamination between any halal and non-halal sources. Ingredients should be stored, handled and blended in a way that prevents contact with non-compliant materials. Cleaning procedures should also be strongly adhered to during manufacturing, especially if shared production equipment is being used between halal and non-halal sources. How to check whether a whey protein is halal So, your next question is likely to be ‘how can I tell if a whey protein powder is halal?” You don’t have insight into the manufacturing process so how are you meant to know? Below we have included a handful of tell-tale signs: Look for recognised halal certification It sounds simple enough, but the first step is to find out if a whey protein powder is halal certified. Look for certification information on the packaging or the brand’s official product page. If the product is halal certified, then this is the first place it will be mentioned. Certification means an independent body has assessed the product across sourcing, processing and manufacturing and has determined the product to be halal-compliant. Review the complete ingredient list Even if a whey protein is halal certified, you might also find it reassuring to review the ingredients. Some of the key ingredients that could impact halal certification are the following: Flavourings - some flavour systems use ethanol or other carriers, so their composition and residual levels may require review. Emulsifiers - soy lecithin and sunflower lecithin are both plant-derived and fine. An unspecified "emulsifier" is worth querying. L-cysteine (E920) - this can be derived from animal sources. Anti-caking agents - some stearates are animal-derived. Gelatin – this is relevant if you're looking at capsules or bars rather than protein powders. Ingredient transparency is also useful for reasons beyond halal suitability. You may want to avoid a particular sweetener, check for allergens or choose a formula designed around a specific training or wellbeing goal. Use official brand sources When verifying halal status, use the product packaging and the manufacturer’s current website as your primary sources. Third-party marketplaces and comparison sites can contain outdated information as product formulas change. This could mean that a product that was once halal-compliant is no longer being produced with halal ingredients. It’s also important to look for a clear statement that the finished product is ‘halal certified’. Phrases such as “made with halal ingredients” or “suitable for halal diets” don’t necessarily mean that the product as a whole is halal-compliant which can catch people out. A transparent manufacturer should be able to tell you which products are certified and whether that certification covers the flavour you are considering. Finding a halal whey protein you can trust If we haven’t made it clear, whey protein can be halal, but the answer depends on more than the fact that it comes from milk. The source of the rennet, the wider ingredient list and the way the finished product is manufactured can all affect whether it is suitable. For most consumers, recognised halal certification offers the clearest reassurance. It confirms that the complete product has been assessed, rather than leaving you to interpret a supply chain that is rarely visible from the label alone. At Innermost, we are proud to offer two halal certified whey protein powders with all flavours being compliant: The Strong Protein - designed to support strength, performance and recovery. The Lean Protein - supports daily protein intake and healthy body composition goals. Both combine trusted certification with premium quality and great taste. Explore Innermost’s halal-certified protein powders to find the option that best fits your goals. References Mirzakulova, A., Sarsembaeva, T., Suleimenova, Z., Kowalski, Ł., Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R., Bembenek, M. (2025). Whey: Composition, processing, application, and prospects in functional and nutritional beverages: A review. Foods. 14(18). Click here. Mestawet, A., France, T., Mulcahy, P., O’Mahony, J. (2024). Microfiltration retentate co-product from whey protein isolate production: Composition, processing, applications and potential for value addition. Trends Food Sci Technol. 153. Click here. IFANCA Pakistan. (2022). What is the source of rennet? General Halal. Click here. Hassan, F., Hanif, A. (2017). Halal issues in processed food: Misuse of the Halal logo. J Emerg Econ Islam Res. 5(3). Click here. Halal Certification Services. (2026). Halal certification requirements. Click here.

Marine Collagen Supplements: Benefits, Uses and What the Research Says

In the past few years, collagen has gone from a niche beauty buzzword to one of the most searched-for supplements available. Walk down any health aisle and you'll find it in powders, capsules, sachets and even coffee blends. Marine collagen has become a particular favourite, often praised for its hydrolysed peptide format and its links to healthier-looking skin. But how much of that holds up once you look at the science? And is a marine collagen supplement worth adding to your routine? This guide covers what marine collagen is, the benefits, how it works, and what the research shows. No miracle promises. Just a clear, honest look at where collagen fits into your modern wellness routine. Let’s get into it! Key takeaways Marine collagen is a hydrolysed protein sourced from fish skin and scales, made up almost entirely of Type I collagen - the type most abundant in human skin. The strongest evidence supports gradual improvements in skin hydration and elasticity with daily marine collagen use over roughly 8 to 12 weeks. Evidence for hair, nails and joint support is more limited, so these benefits should be seen as promising but less established than the skin-related research. Marine collagen peptides are broken into smaller fragments, which research suggests are well absorbed into the body. Neither marine nor bovine collagen is automatically better; the right choice depends on your goals, diet and product quality. What is marine collagen? Marine collagen is simply collagen that is sourced from fish - usually the skin and scales that would otherwise be discarded. You can get some collagen from marine foods, although it is usually most concentrated in the skin, bones and connective tissues rather than the fillet itself. Foods that provide marine collagen include: Fish with the skin on, such as salmon, cod and haddock Fish skin, where eaten as part of a dish Small fish eaten with bones, such as sardines or anchovies Fish bone broth or fish stock Shellfish and seafood (though these are more useful for supporting nutrients than collagen itself) Most of the marine collagen supplements you find will be hydrolysed, meaning the long collagen chains have been broken down into smaller chains of amino acids called peptides. These smaller peptides are easier to dissolve, easier to mix into drinks, and easier for the body to digest than whole collagen you find in foods. Collagen is one of the most abundant proteins in your body. It aids in the structure of your skin, bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage, and it is a big part of what keeps skin looking firm and springy. There are several types of collagen, but the body leans most heavily on Types I and III. Type I collagen is the most abundant type. It is found in skin, bones, tendons and ligaments. Type II collagen is mainly found in cartilage, which is why it is often discussed in relation to joint health. Type III collagen is found in skin, muscles and blood vessels. It often works alongside Type I collagen. Type IV collagen helps form part of the deeper structural layers of the skin. Type V collagen is found in areas such as the skin, hair and some connective tissues. Marine collagen is made up almost entirely of Type I, which happens to be the most common type found in skin. That overlap is a large part of why marine collagen is discussed in relation to skin health and nutrition. How do marine collagen supplements work? Before we jump into the potential benefits and what the research says, it’s useful to understand exactly how marine collagen supplements work when consumed. One common misunderstanding is that these supplements travel through the body and arrive in the skin as ready-made collagen. That’s not quite how it works. Hydrolysed marine collagen has already been broken down during processing into smaller collagen peptides. When you consume it, your digestive system breaks those peptides down further into amino acids and smaller fragments, including glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. Research suggests some collagen-derived peptides can be absorbed into the bloodstream, where they may travel to the skin and other connective tissues. From there, they are thought to support collagen-related processes in two main ways: by providing amino acids the body can use as raw materials, and by acting as signals that may encourage cells such as fibroblasts to produce more collagen. Marine collagen may work through two main mechanisms They top up the raw materials your body draws on to build its own collagen. Certain peptides act as a kind of signal, prompting the cells in your skin known as fibroblasts to step up their natural production. If you’re looking to increase your marine collagen intake, it’s also worth considering the role of vitamin C. Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation, which is why a collagen-supportive diet should include vitamin C-rich foods or, where appropriate, a well-formulated supplement. The benefits of marine collagen While it’s true that marine collagen works best alongside a well-balanced routine, (including enough protein, key micronutrients, good hydration, and sleep) it often gets linked to a long list of benefits, with some better supported by research than others. Here's what each one means for you, and how well the science supports it. Improved skin hydration and elasticity The promise of smoother, plumper-looking skin is one of the main reasons people turn to marine collagen in the first place. As the body’s natural collagen production declines with age, skin can gradually appear less firm, which is why collagen is so often discussed in relation to skin ageing and overall skin quality. The scientific research reinforces this benefit, particularly around gradual improvements in skin hydration and elasticity with consistent daily use. Several clinical trials have looked at oral collagen peptides and skin health, with a 2023 systematic review of 26 randomised controlled trials finding that hydrolysed collagen supplementation was associated with improvements in both areas. Many of these collagen studies also assess results over several weeks, suggesting that 8 to 12 weeks is a sensible timeframe to keep in mind when judging whether marine collagen is making a noticeable difference to your skin. Hair and nail support The promise of stronger nails that split and chip less, and hair that feels healthier and more resilient, is a big part of marine collagen's appeal and a common reason people add it to their diet. The honest picture here is that the science of this benefit is less established. Hair and nails are made mostly of keratin rather than collagen, so the link is more indirect. Some small studies suggest collagen peptides may help with nail strength, although they do not claim to prove that marine collagen is a guaranteed solution for hair growth or brittle nails. Some marine collagen formulas also include biotin, which has authorised EFSA health claims for contributing to the maintenance of normal hair and normal skin. That makes it a useful supporting ingredient in beauty-focused supplements, but marine collagen should not be treated as a guaranteed solution for hair growth or nail strength. Improved joints and connective tissue If you run, lift or train regularly, joint comfort may be one of the marine collagen benefits that matters most to you. Collagen is found in cartilage, tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues, which is why it is often discussed in relation to active lifestyles and long-term mobility. The research into marine collagen for joints is less developed than the research around skin, but there are some relevant findings. In a 2018 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a daily supplement containing hydrolysed fish collagen, vitamins and other active ingredients was associated with improvements in joint wellbeing over 90 days. The results should be interpreted carefully because the formula contained more than marine collagen alone, but they do support the wider interest in marine collagen as part of a balanced diet, sensible training plan and consistent recovery routine. Marine collagen vs bovine collagen Marine and bovine collagen are two of the most common forms of collagen supplements that you will hear about: Marine collagen is sourced from fish, usually the skin and scales Bovine collagen comes from cattle, most often the hide. Both are commonly hydrolysed into collagen peptides, which means they have been broken down into smaller fragments that are easier for the body to digest and use. The main difference is usually the collagen profile. Marine collagen is typically rich in Type I collagen, the type most strongly associated with skin, bones and connective tissue. Bovine collagen usually contains both Type I and Type III collagen, giving it a slightly broader collagen profile. That does not make one automatically better than the other. Marine collagen may be more appealing if your focus is skin support or you prefer a fish-derived source, while bovine collagen may suit those looking for a wider mix of collagen types. In both cases, the quality of the supplement matters more than the source alone. Look for hydrolysed peptides, a clear dose, transparent sourcing and a format you can use consistently. Feature Marine collagen Bovine collagen Source Fish or other marine sources, often skin, scales or bones Cattle, usually hides or bones Common collagen types Mainly Type I collagen Type I and Type III collagen Often chosen for Skin hydration, elasticity and beauty-focused routines General collagen support, including skin and connective tissue Digestibility Usually hydrolysed into collagen peptides for easier digestion and mixing Also commonly hydrolysed into collagen peptides Taste and texture Can have a mild marine taste if not well formulated Usually more neutral, though this depends on the product Dietary considerations Not suitable for fish allergies, vegans or vegetarians Not suitable for people avoiding beef, vegans or vegetarians Main thing to check Source, collagen dose, peptide format and taste Source, collagen dose, peptide format and quality Is marine collagen worth taking? For most people interested in skin health, marine collagen is a reasonable, low-risk supplement to try, as long as your expectations are realistic. The evidence for gradual gains in skin hydration and elasticity is reasonably solid. The case for hair, nails and joints is softer, but it's building. It also works best as one piece of a bigger picture and should be consumed alongside a protein-rich, varied diet, decent sleep, sun protection and staying hydrated. If you do give it a go, choose a hydrolysed product with a sensible dose and supporting nutrients like vitamin C, commit to a consistent 8 to 12 weeks, and judge the results for yourself. Whatever source you land on, quality and consistency are what turn a supplement from a hopeful purchase into a habit worth keeping. That is the standard we hold every formula to at Innermost: science over hype, quality ingredients and nothing you do not need. Whether you are looking at collagen, protein or everyday wellness support, the same rule applies: choose what fits your body, your goals and the routine you can actually stick to. If you're not sure where to start, our free nutritionist consultation can help you work out what actually fits your goals. Frequently asked questions Is marine collagen better than bovine collagen? Neither is outright better. Marine is primarily Type I and may appeal to those looking for a fish-derived source, while bovine offers Types I and III and is often cheaper. Can vegans take marine collagen? Marine collagen comes from fish, so it isn't suitable for vegans or vegetarians. Vegan "collagen support" products work differently, supplying nutrients such as vitamin C that contribute to normal collagen formation rather than collagen itself. Does marine collagen taste fishy? A good-quality hydrolysed marine collagen should be virtually flavourless. A noticeable fishy taste is usually a sign of a lower-quality product. How much Marine Collagen should I take? Most research points to an effective daily intake of somewhere between 2.5g and 15g of collagen peptides, with many of the skin studies sitting in the middle of that range. References Czajka, A., Kania, E., Genovese, L., Corbo, A., Merone, G., Luci, C., Sibilla, S., Siciliano, C. (2018). Daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides combined with vitamins and other bioactive compounds improves skin elasticity and has a beneficial effect on joint and general wellbeing. Nutr Res. 57. Click here. Farooq, S., Ahmad, M., Zheng, S., Ali, U., Li, Y., Shixiu, C., Zhang, H. (2024). A review on marine collagen: sources, extraction methods, colloids properties, and food applications. Collagen Leather. 6(11). Click here. Myung, S., Kim, J., Lee, Y., Choi, Y. (2025). Effects of collagen supplements on skin aging. Am J Med. Click here. Pu, S., Huang, Y., Pu, C., Kang, Y., Hoang, K., Chen, K., Chen, C. (2023). Effects of oral collagen for skin anti-aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 15(9). Click here Evans, M., Lewis, E., Zakaria, N., Pelipyagina, T., Guthrie, N. (2021). A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy of a freshwater marine collagen on skin wrinkles and elasticity. J Cosmet Dermatol. 20(3), 825–834. Click here. Hexsel, D., Zague, V., Schunck, M., Siega, C., Camozzato, F., Oesser, S. (2017). Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. J Cosmet Dermatol. 16(4), 520–526. Click here. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2010). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to biotin. EFSA Journal. 8(10), 1728. Click here.

Nutrition

How to Maximise Muscle Mass on a GLP-1

A few years ago, most of the questions I got as a coach were about the usual stuff: how to lose a bit of fat, how to add a bit of size, how to break a plateau. These days? A huge number of them involve a weekly injection. GLP-1 medications have gone from a diabetes treatment to a genuine phenomenon, and honestly, I get it. The results people are seeing can be seriously impressive. But here's the part that never makes it onto the before-and-after photos. When you lose weight quickly, not all of what disappears is fat. Some of it can be muscle. And muscle, I'd argue, is the very last thing you want to wave goodbye to. It's what keeps your metabolism ticking over, what keeps you strong and capable as you age, and a huge part of why some people end up looking lean and athletic while others just end up smaller and softer. I've spent more than 12 years in and around the gym, and the best part of a decade coaching people through exactly this kind of body composition change. So I want to be straight with you, because there's already a lot of noise around this topic. Some of it is scaremongering, some of it is wishful thinking, and a lot of it is people repeating things they've half-read somewhere. You won't find any of that here. Just a clear, honest look at what's actually going on, and what you can do about it. Stick with me. Key takeaways A GLP-1 can absolutely cost you some muscle, but the early panic massively oversold it. With the right approach, muscle loss is very manageable. The whole challenge comes down to one tension: these medications push your appetite down at the exact moment your protein needs go up. Resistance training is your single most powerful tool. If you take one thing from this article, let it be that. Prioritise protein, don't slash your calories to nothing, and stay on top of your hydration. Supplements won't do the work for you, but a good protein blend and creatine genuinely earn their place when your appetite has gone walkabout. This is a tool, not a shortcut. Pair it with proper training and nutrition and you can come out the other side leaner and stronger. First Though, What Is a GLP-1? Let's clear up the science, because once you understand it, everything else clicks. GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, and it's a hormone your own gut already releases after you eat. Its job is to tell your brain you've had enough, slow down how quickly your stomach empties, and help manage your blood sugar by prompting a well-timed insulin response. Think of it as part of your body's built-in "I'm full" system. The medications everyone's talking about are GLP-1 receptor agonists, which is just a fancy way of saying they mimic that hormone, only at a much bigger dose and for far longer than the version you make naturally. The result? Your appetite drops off a cliff. Food becomes less interesting, portions shrink, and the result is weight loss. The Most Common GLP-1 Medications There are quite a few GLP-1s that are widely available today. Here are ones you're most likely to come across in 2026: Semaglutide Sold as Ozempic (for type 2 diabetes), Wegovy (for weight loss), and now as an oral tablet too. This one is a pure GLP-1 agonist. Tirzepatide More often known by the names Mounjaro and Zepbound. This is a dual agonist: it works on GLP-1 receptors and a second pathway called GIP, which is part of why it tends to produce greater weight loss. Liraglutide An older, daily-injection option you may still come across under the names Saxenda, and Victoza. Orforglipron One of the newer arrivals, and notable for being a GLP-1 you take as a pill rather than an injection. A note on retatrutide If you’ve any knowledge on GLP-1s already then you might also have heard the name retatrutide, and this one deserves an honest word. It's the furthest along of the next-generation of weight loss solutions: a triple agonist that adds genuine glucagon receptor activation into the mix (more on that in a second) and has posted the biggest weight loss numbers we've seen yet. The catch? It hasn’t been approved yet. The Phase 3 trials are still running as I write this. I'll be straight with you though: that hasn't stopped people getting hold of it. But unapproved means unregulated, which means there's no real way of knowing what's in an unofficial vial, or in what dose. That's a conversation for you and a doctor, not a shopping decision. I'd leave it well alone until it’s approved and available from a regulated, reputable manufacturer. A quick myth worth busting You'll often hear that GLP-1s "work on your glucagon receptors." Not quite, and this is worth getting right. Your standard GLP-1 medications actually reduce the release of glucagon (a hormone that raises blood sugar) as part of how they keep your levels steady. They don't switch the glucagon receptor on. The only drugs that deliberately do that are the new triple agonists like retatrutide, where that extra action is used to nudge up energy expenditure and fat burning. It's a small detail, I know, but it's exactly the kind of thing that separates good information from the stuff doing the rounds online. Do GLP-1 medications cost you muscle? The honest answer is they can, but the early panic about this massively oversold the reality. The far more useful question is what you can actually do about it, which turns out to be quite a lot. Here's what's going on. When you lose weight quick, whatever the method, a chunk of that loss tends to come from lean mass rather than fat. With GLP-1s, some studies suggested lean mass could account for a significant share of the total weight lost by those using them. Cue the "Ozempic is wasting your muscle" headlines. But the picture has matured a lot, and it's far less scary than it first looked. More recent research suggests a good portion of that "lean mass" figure isn't skeletal muscle at all. It's water, and it's changes in organs like the liver, which shrink as you get healthier. Several analyses now show that while you might lose some absolute muscle, your relative muscle (muscle as a proportion of your now-lighter body) and your strength can hold up or even improve. So no, this is not a reason to avoid these medications if they're right for you. It's simply a reason to be deliberate. Where I would be paying closer attention is with people who fall into the higher-risk groups: Older adults, who are already losing muscle gradually with age and really can't afford to speed that up. Anyone with low muscle mass from the outset of treatment. People losing weight very fast with no resistance training and not enough protein. If any of these sound like you, then everything below isn't optional. It's the whole point. The one thing that defines all of this Here's the tension at the heart of being on a GLP-1, and once you see it, the rest of this article basically writes itself. To protect and build muscle, your protein needs go up. But the medication's entire job is to send your appetite down. You need to eat more of the right stuff at exactly the moment food has become least appealing. That's the puzzle. So let's solve it. Make every bit of your nutrition count When you're barely hungry, you simply can't afford to waste your limited appetite on food that isn't doing much for you. Protein needs to become your priority, full stop. How much? The International Society of Sports Nutrition puts the sweet spot for active people at around 1.4–2.0g of protein per kilogram of bodyweight per day, with the higher end being useful during dieting phases. And make no mistake, being on a GLP-1 is very much a dieting phase. For an 80kg person, that's somewhere in the region of 130–160g a day. The trick is to spread it across your meals rather than backloading it all into dinner, because your muscles respond best to regular protein "doses" through the day when you’re in a calorie deficit. A few principles I give clients in this exact situation: Lead with protein When your appetite is small, eat the protein on your plate first, before you fill what little room you have with everything else. Sounds obvious. Hardly anyone does it. Don't crash your calories or be reckless I know it's tempting when you're just not hungry, but if your overall intake drops too low, you give your body every reason to break down muscle for fuel, and your training will fall apart. A controlled deficit beats a brutal one every single time. Stay on top of hydration and electrolytes GLP-1s can bring nausea and digestive upset, and anything that cuts how much you eat and drink can leave you short on fluids and salts. That flat, foggy, weak feeling people blame on the medication? Often it's just dehydration in disguise. Make a habit of drinking water regularly and add an electrolyte supplement if you’re still not feeling right. Training is crucial while on weight loss medication If I could give you only one instruction for your entire time on a GLP-1, it would be this: lift weights. I genuinely can't stress this enough. As a qualified coach, I've watched resistance training do more to protect muscle during weight loss than anything else in the body transformation toolkit, and the science backs that up completely. A major 2025 advisory from several leading obesity and nutrition bodies landed on a clear recommendation for people on these medications: strength training at least three times a week, plus around 150 minutes of aerobic activity. That's a pretty basic formula but it works! Why does lifting matter so much? Because it sends your body a message. Cardio is brilliant for your heart and helps with the deficit, but it doesn't give your body any real reason to keep muscle. Lifting does. When you challenge a muscle, you're effectively telling your body, "I still need this, don't you dare get rid of it." And so, even in a calorie deficit, it holds on. Pretty clever, really. You don't need to live in the gym to make this work. You just need to train with intent: Build your sessions around the big compound movements (squats, hinges, presses, rows, and their machine equivalents) that recruit a lot of muscle fibres at once. Aim to do a little more over time, whether that's a touch more weight, an extra rep, or simply better control. This is progressive overload, and it's the engine behind keeping and building muscle. It's the closest thing to a non-negotiable there is. New to this, or coming back after a long time off? Start sensibly. Two or three focused sessions a week will beat an ambitious six-day plan you've quietly abandoned by the end of the month. Something is always better than nothing. Where supplements fit I'll always give it to you straight here, even when it's not the salesy thing to say: no supplement is going to rescue you from skipping the gym or neglecting your protein. The basics come first, second and third. There's no powder on earth that changes that. That said, supplements absolutely earn their place when they solve a real problem, and a GLP-1 hands you a very specific one. Remember the puzzle from earlier? High protein needs, tiny appetite. This is exactly where a good protein blend stops being a "nice to have" and becomes genuinely useful. Getting 30-odd grams of quality protein in a single shaker is a whole lot easier than staring down a plate of chicken and rice you don't have the appetite for. A few that fit the job: Whey protein Our The Strong Protein packs 34g of protein into one low-calorie serving, with 3g of creatine built in (more on why that matters in a second). If your main focus is staying lean through the deficit, our Lean Protein is built with exactly that in mind, and if you're plant-based, our Health Protein gives you a vegan option without dropping the quality. Creatine Creatine is one of the most researched supplements on the planet, and a genuine ally when you're dieting. It supports your strength and helps you maintain lean mass while you train. It's already in The Strong Protein, or you can top up with The Power Booster, which is pure creatine monohydrate. Take 5 grams daily without fail; the timing matters far less than the consistency. Hydration support Given the digestive side effects and the natural dip in how much you're eating and drinking, an electrolyte blend like our Hydrate Blend can be a real help, especially on training days. Everything we make at Innermost is built the same way: real, evidence-backed ingredients in doses that actually do something, with none of the filler or fairy dust. That matters more than ever when your appetite is limited, because every single serving has to pull its weight. If you want to see the full range, you can browse it all here. Your GLP-1 Muscle-Preservation Playbook If you skim everything else, don't skim this. Here's everything you need to know in 7 short points: Prioritise protein. Aim higher than feels natural, spread it across the day, and eat it first. Lift weights at least three times a week. Compound movements, gradually progressed. This is the big one. Keep some cardio in. Around 150 minutes a week, for your heart and your calorie deficit. Don't under-eat to extremes. A sensible deficit protects muscle. A savage one sacrifices it. Stay hydrated. Replace your fluids and electrolytes, especially if side effects hit. Use supplements to plug the gaps. A protein blend and creatine do real work when your appetite is low. Be patient. Body composition changes show up over months, not days. Trust the process. One last, important word These are powerful, prescription medications, and everyone responds to them a little differently. Nothing in this article is medical advice, and it's no substitute for the guidance of the doctor or prescriber looking after your treatment. If you've got questions about your medication, your dose, or anything that just doesn't feel right, please take those to them. They know your full picture in a way that an article never can. What I can tell you, hand on heart, is this: being on a GLP-1 does not have to mean losing your muscle along with the fat. Treat it as a tool, pair it with proper protein, real training and a bit of smart support, and it can be the thing that finally gets you to a leaner, stronger version of yourself. Not just a smaller number on the scale, but a body that works as well as it looks. Now that's a goal worth training for.

Nutrition

Why Natural Protein Supplementation Matters

Walk into any health shop, or scroll any supplement site, and you often find that protein powders start to blur into one. Almost all of them make the same promises on the front: ‘high in protein’, ‘no added sugar’, ‘no additional additives’. The wording is so similar that telling a genuinely good product from a synthetically produced product is harder than it should be. Read past the figure on the front however and you'll usually find a protein that contains artificial sweeteners, synthetic flavourings and colours, and even fillers or bulking agents just to name a few. The reason they tend to do this is that costs of production are much cheaper as a result of the lower quality ingredients. A naturally formulated protein supplement works the other way around. The protein comes from a quality source, the flavour and sweetness come from ingredients you'd recognise rather than ones built in a lab, and anything that doesn't need to be there is left out. This piece is about that difference: what natural really means for a protein supplement, why it matters, and how to spot it for yourself. What "natural" actually means in protein supplements "Natural" is one of the most used and least understood words in wellness, printed on plenty of labels with very little behind it. There's no strict, regulated definition for it, so a brand can reach for the word fairly freely. This is why it pays to know what you're actually looking for. Used honestly, natural points to ingredients that come from recognisable sources and are processed as lightly as the format allows. For protein, that usually means a base derived from food such as: Whey Pea Hemp Brown rice Other plant-based proteins Just as telling is what gets left out, and how openly the packaging accounts for what stays in. A natural protein supplement has little to hide, so the label tends to be short and the reasoning easy to follow. The real test is whether the formula makes sense as a whole. Can you understand what's in it? Does each ingredient have a clear purpose? And does the brand explain the benefit plainly, rather than hiding behind vague wellness language? Why ingredient quality matters in protein supplements When people compare protein powders, the first thing they often look at is the amount of protein per serving. It matters, but this number doesn’t tell you everything about a supplement’s quality. A synthetically formulated powder may contain just as much protein per serving as a natural alternative, but it may also include more artificial additives that are bad for your health. This is especially important as supplementation is usually taken regularly as part of a daily routine. If something becomes part of your breakfast, post-workout routine or afternoon shake, the quality of the overall formula may influence how well it fits into your daily routine. Natural protein powders are often separated by a few key criteria: Ingredient sourcing: Whey is highly bioavailable and naturally rich in essential amino acids that support muscle repair. A good plant-based blend can also be effective when it is built to provide a strong amino acid profile. What surrounds the protein: Sweeteners, thickeners and flavourings affect taste, texture and how a shake feels once you have taken it. Some formulas rely heavily on artificial sweeteners, gums or thickeners, which may contribute to bloating or digestive discomfort. Digestibility: A protein you absorb and tolerate comfortably is more useful than a bigger number on the label that does not sit well with your body. Purpose: A formula built around a specific goal, such as strength, performance, energy or satiety, is more useful than a generic powder with no clear reason behind the ingredients. The benefits of natural protein supplementation The real value of natural supplementation becomes clearer when you look beyond protein content alone. Below are some of the key benefits of choosing natural protein supplements over more artificial or heavily processed alternatives. Supporting strength and lean muscle Building strength and lean muscle is one of the main reasons people turn to natural protein supplements. A good one supports muscle repair after training and helps maintain muscle over the longer term. That's especially useful if you train regularly and eat well but can't always put together a high-protein meal straight after a session. Helping with recovery after exercise After a workout, your body needs nutrients to repair and adapt, and protein is central to that process, particularly if you train several times a week. A natural protein supplement offers a convenient way to support recovery without making nutrition feel complicated, whether mixed into a shake, smoothie or simple post-workout snack. Supporting satiety and body composition goals Protein keeps you feeling fuller for longer, which makes balanced eating easier to stick to. For anyone working towards fat loss, lean muscle or general body composition, natural protein supplementation helps steady your daily nutrition alongside whole foods, movement and rest, without relying on the added sugar that some cheaper formulas contain. Making daily nutrition easier Even with good intentions, it is not always easy to get enough protein through meals alone. Busy days, training schedules and travel can all make consistency harder. A natural protein gives you a simple, repeatable way to keep your intake up on the days that get away from you, using ingredients you can actually recognise. Natural supplementation doesn't have to taste bland There's a common assumption that natural supplements have to taste bland, chalky or unpleasant. Plenty of people have met exactly that: a protein that sounds healthy on paper but turns out too earthy, too sweet or too gritty to enjoy. It gets used for a few days, then pushed to the back of the cupboard. The problem there is usually the formulation, not the missing additives. Chalky, overly sweet shakes come from corners being cut. Getting flavour and texture right without falling back on heavy sweeteners is genuinely hard, which is a good sign a brand has done the work. Taste matters for a practical reason as much as an enjoyable one. A protein you look forward to is one you'll keep using, and consistency is what actually delivers results. The best-formulated supplement on the shelf does nothing while it sits unopened. The innermost approach to natural protein Everything above is the standard we at Innermost hold ourselves to. Our proteins are built on clean and naturally-derived ingredients, formulated with the backing of nutritional science rather than guesswork. We leave out the fillers, bulking agents and needless extras that have no business being in a quality protein, and we're open about what goes in and why. We also happen to think clean and natural should taste good, because a protein you enjoy is a protein you'll actually use. Explore our protein powders to find the formula that best fits your goals, routine and lifestyle. References Morton, W., Murphy, T., et al (2018). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sports Med. 52(6). Click here. Jäger, R., Kerksick, C., et al (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Click here. Seijo, M., Naclerio, F. (2019). Whey Protein Supplementation and Muscle Mass: Current Perspectives. Click here.

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